Raws li cov teeb meem ib puag ncig los ntawm cov pov tseg yas tau txais kev saib xyuas ntau thiab ntau dua, lwm cov ntaub ntawv xws li hnab yas thiab ntim cov hnab yas tau thov tsis tu ncua. Ntawm lawv, bio-raws li ntim lossis hnab ntim tau hais ntau tshaj plaws, thiab feem ntau ntawm lawv tau hais. Nws yog cov khoom siv degradable, suav nrog polylactic acid. Yog li tam sim no daim ntawv thov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv degradable nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws yog dab tsi, nws yuav cuam tshuam dab tsi rau peb cov kev tswj cov khib nyiab, thiab yuav ua li cas los ua ke nrog kev faib cov khib nyiab.
Raws li kev txheeb cais tom qab sib koom, peb kuj xav ceeb toom cov neeg nyeem tias yog cov khoom siv biodegradable tseem yog cov khoom siv pov tseg, lawv tseem raug pov tseg thaum lawv siv, uas tsis tuaj yeem daws peb cov teeb meem pov tseg yas tam sim no. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov ntaub ntawv biodegradable cais cov khib nyiab. Lub kaw lus muaj kev xav tau siab. Yog tias tsis muaj kev lav phib xaub ntawm cov khib nyiab sorting thiab industrialized composting nroj tsuag, lub hnab degradable thiab ntim tsis tuaj yeem rov ua dua, lossis lawv tsis tuaj yeem dim txoj hmoo ntawm kev ua cov khib nyiab. Yog li ntawd, rau cov khoom siv yas pov tseg thiab cov teeb meem uas peb ntsib, peb yuav tsum ua hauj lwm hnyav dua los ntawm kev tswj xyuas qhov chaw thiab txuas ntxiv txwv tsis pub siv cov khoom yas pov tseg.
Raws li cov teeb meem ib puag ncig los ntawm cov pov tseg yas tau txais kev saib xyuas ntau thiab ntau dua, lwm cov ntaub ntawv xws li hnab yas thiab ntim cov hnab yas tau thov tsis tu ncua. Ntawm lawv, bio-raws li ntim lossis hnab ntim tau hais ntau tshaj plaws, thiab feem ntau ntawm lawv tau hais. Nws yog cov khoom siv degradable, suav nrog polylactic acid. Yog li tam sim no daim ntawv thov ntawm cov ntaub ntawv degradable nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws yog dab tsi, nws yuav cuam tshuam dab tsi rau peb cov kev tswj cov khib nyiab, thiab yuav ua li cas los ua ke nrog kev faib cov khib nyiab.
Peb caw cov tuam txhab lag luam ntawm polylactic acid uas koom nrog cov khoom siv biodegradable hauv" Khib nyiab cais thiab txav mus rau Zero Pov Tseg" WeChat pab pawg los muab cov lus piav qhia ntxaws txog cov khoom siv no. Raws li kev txheeb cais tom qab sib koom, peb kuj xav ceeb toom cov neeg nyeem tias yog cov khoom siv biodegradable tseem yog cov khoom siv pov tseg, lawv tseem raug pov tseg thaum lawv siv, uas tsis tuaj yeem daws peb cov teeb meem pov tseg yas tam sim no. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov ntaub ntawv biodegradable cais cov khib nyiab. Lub kaw lus muaj kev xav tau siab. Yog tias tsis muaj kev lav phib xaub ntawm cov khib nyiab sorting thiab industrialized composting nroj tsuag, lub hnab degradable thiab ntim tsis tuaj yeem rov ua dua, lossis lawv tsis tuaj yeem dim txoj hmoo ntawm kev ua cov khib nyiab. Yog li ntawd, rau cov khoom siv yas pov tseg thiab cov teeb meem uas peb ntsib, peb yuav tsum ua hauj lwm hnyav dua los ntawm kev tswj xyuas qhov chaw thiab txuas ntxiv txwv tsis pub siv cov khoom yas pov tseg.
Cov txiv kab ntxwv ib feem sawv cev rau lub ntiaj teb no cov yas noj-500 lab tons, ntawm cov European yas noj yog hais txog 100 lab tons, tab sis lub ntiaj teb no bioplastic zus tau tej cov tsuas yog me ntsis ntsuab nyob rau hauv sab xis ces kaum ntawm daim duab. Muaj ntau tshaj 30 ntau yam ntawm bioplastics. Polylactic acid tso nyiaj tsuas yog 5% ntawm lub ntiaj teb bioplastics, uas txhais tau hais tias txhua xyoo lub ntiaj teb no muaj peev xwm ntawm polylactic acid yog 200,000 tons. Nws tsuas yog lub txim xwb, thiab nws tsis pom qhov twg los hloov qhov 500 lab tons ntawm yas.
Tab sis muaj ib txoj cai tseem ceeb uas hloov tus qauv no. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 2017, lub xeev tau tshaj tawm" Khib Nyiab Txiav Txim Siab", ua rau lub sijhawm luv luv ntawm cov khoom siv pov tseg hauv cov teb chaws tsim loj hauv ntiaj teb. Cov European Union yog li ntawd maj nrawm tshaj tawm cov tswv yim plastics, tshaj tawm txoj cai txwv tsis pub siv ib leeg-siv cov khoom yas uas tsis yog degradable ua ntej xyoo 2022. Muaj 67 lub teb chaws hauv ntiaj teb uas tau tshaj tawm cov cai zoo sib xws, uas coj cov cib fim loj rau cov khoom siv biodegradable. Siv cov kev lag luam polylactic acid uas kuv tau kawm ua piv txwv. Peb tau ua haujlwm nyuaj heev hauv 15 xyoo dhau los, nrog lub peev xwm tsim tau tsuas yog 15,000 tons, thiab muaj peev xwm ntau lawm txhua xyoo. Vim yog" Abolition Ban", lub peev xwm ntawm biomaterials thiab kev ua lag luam dheev tawg.
Polylactic acid yog ib tug kuj mature thiab dav siv tag nrho biodegradable compostable yas. Ntxiv nrog rau biodegradability ntawm cov khoom no, muaj ntau yam sib txawv.
Ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb yog polylactic acid yog cov khoom siv nrog kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov zaub mov ntau dua. Nws cov monomer yog lactic acid, uas yog ib qho khoom noj khoom haus ntxiv, thiab lactic acid muaj nyob rau hauv yogurt, tshuaj pleev ib ce los yog condiments. Nws tus kheej qib kev nyab xeeb muaj kev nyab xeeb dua li cov khoom siv los ntawm cov roj av monomer. Ntxiv mus, polylactic acid tau siv los ua cov khoom siv kho mob hauv xyoo 1960 thiab 1970s rau kev phais phais thiab kho pob txha. Tom qab ntawd, vim yog kev siv thev naus laus zis thiab kev txo nqi, nws nkag mus rau hauv cov neeg pej xeem.
Qhov thib ob, polylactic acid yog cov khoom siv bio-based, uas yog muab los ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Ntawm cov khoom siv raw ntau tshaj yog pob kws, cassava thiab sucrose. Pob kws, cassava thiab lwm yam qoob loo yog muab rho tawm mus rau hauv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab, uas yog fermented rau hauv lactic acid, thiab ces chemically polymerized rau hauv polylactic acid. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm bio-raws li raw khoom.
Thib peb, cov khoom siv qis-carbon ntawm cov ntaub ntawv polylactic acid. Qhov hu ua low-carbon yog hais txog lub tswvyim ntawm kev siv cov pa roj carbon dioxide tsawg lossis emissions. Piv txwv li, ib yam khoom siv, nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws lub neej voj voog los ntawm kev tsim mus txog rau kev tuag, los ntawm monomer, polymerization, kev thauj mus los, cia siv, tag nrho cov pa roj carbon dioxide absorbed thiab emission yog ntxiv. Los ntawm kev sib piv, yog tias nws yog cov pa roj carbon dioxide hauv cov ntaub ntawv yas Cov uas muaj cov emissions tsawg tsawg hu ua cov khoom siv carbon tsawg.
Siv polylactic acid ua piv txwv. Txij li thaum pib ntawm pob kws lossis cassava cog, mus rau kev rho tawm cov piam thaj, lactic acid fermentation, polylactic acid polymerization, thiab kev ua cov khoom lag luam polylactic acid, tag nrho cov pa roj carbon dioxide emission cov ntaub ntawv yog tias ib kilogram ntawm polylactic acid zaj duab xis tus nqi ntawm carbon dioxide. tso tawm yog hais txog 1.274 kg. Rau kev sib piv, ua kom ib kilogram ntawm PET cov ntaub ntawv ntxhia dej lub raj mis, 4 kilograms ntawm carbon dioxide yuav raug tso tawm. Kev tsim khoom ntawm ib phaus ntawm PP cov khoom siv tshuaj zawv plaub hau yog li 2.5 kilograms.
Qhov kawg yog degradable composting zog ntawm polylactic acid cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig composting, nws tuaj yeem degrade 100% los tsim cov pa roj carbon dioxide thiab dej tsis muaj kuab paug rau ib puag ncig. Siv thaj chaw Jiangsu-Zhejiang-Shanghai ua piv txwv. Feem ntau, nws tuaj yeem degraded hauv ob mus rau tsib xyoos. Lwm qhov chaw sib txawv vim muaj tej yam xws li kev nyab xeeb. Hauv chav kuaj, peb muaj qee cov ntaub ntawv qhia meej, xws li 0.3 hli tuab polylactic acid ntsiav tshuaj, uas tsis pom ntawm qhov muag liab qab tom qab rau lub lis piam. Tau kawg, tsis pom nws tsis txhais hais tias nws yog degraded. Nws yuav tsis degraded kiag li nyob rau hauv rau lub lis piam, thiab nws yuav siv sij hawm.
05
Biodegradation ntawm polylactic acid thiab nws qhov chaw
Qhov no tau sim ua raws li lub teb chaws tus qauv GBT20197-2006 txhais, kev faib tawm, sau npe thiab kev sim cov txheej txheem ntawm biodegradable cov ntaub ntawv, thaum lub teb chaws tus qauv tsim nrog siv rau American ASTMD6400
Txoj kev ntsuas carbon dioxide yog raws li ISO14855. Hauv kev sim, qhov kev tso tawm tom ntej ntawm dioxide yog me me, thiab qhov kev xeem yuam kev yog qhov loj. Yog li ntawd, nws yog feem ntau ntsuas rau 105 hnub, yog tias biodegradation tus nqi siab tshaj 60%, qhov kev sim yuav raug txiav, thiab nws yuav txiav txim siab seb cov khoom siv li cas. Tau kawg, nws yuav muab piv nrog cov khoom ntuj xws li lignin. Yog tias ob qhov nkhaus yog qhov zoo ib yam, thiab nws tshaj 60% ntawm 105 hnub, nws yog qhov pib txiav txim siab los ua cov khoom siv degradable tiag.
Puas tsuas yog composting siv rau kev kho cov ntaub ntawv compostable xws li polylactic acid? Yog tias tsis muaj qhov chaw composting, qhov chaw composting yuav ua li cas? Qhov tseeb, ntxiv rau composting, cov ntaub ntawv compostable tuaj yeem ua lwm txoj hauv kev, xws li hlawv. Piv nrog cov yas, cov khoom ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm polylactic acid yog carbon dioxide thiab dej, uas yuav tsis ua qias tuaj. Nws tseem tuaj yeem muab pov tseg. Txawm hais tias tus nqi degradation kuj qeeb, tsawg kawg nws yuav tsis ua qias neeg hauv av, ua rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag, thiab khib nyiab av. Tau kawg, nws tuaj yeem rov ua dua tshiab, tab sis tus nqi ntawm kev rov ua dua tshiab yog qhov siab.
Thaum tham txog cov ntaub ntawv polylactic acid tau los ntawm cov qos yaj ywm thiab pob kws, ntau tus neeg yuav nug: tib neeg cov zaub mov yog siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv polymer, nws puas yuav cuam tshuam rau zaub mov? Sawv daws txhawj xeeb txog qhov teeb meem no. Tau kawg, nws yog txoj cai los xav li no. Yog hais tias peb yeej tsis muaj dab tsi noj, peb yuav tsum xyuas kom meej zaub mov ua ntej. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom ua cov ntaub ntawv polymer ua ntej, txoj cai. Tab sis los ntawm lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov pom, qhov kev txhawj xeeb no tsis tsim nyog. Kuv yuav qhia ob peb cov ntaub ntawv nrog koj.
Kev siv cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab los tsim cov khoom siv polylactic acid yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau kev lag luam khoom noj. Kev tsim cov pob kws thoob ntiaj teb yog 1 billion tons / xyoo, 80% ntawm cov khoom siv pub thiab roj, kwv yees li 50% ntawm cov roj ethanol raug hlawv, thiab li 30% ntawm cov khoom noj. Tsuas yog 10% yog siv rau zaub mov, kwv yees li 100 lab tons. Piv txwv tias PLA ntau lawm yog 2 lab tons hauv ib xyoos, uas yog, 6 lab tons ntawm pob kws tau noj, suav txog 0.6%. Peb muaj ntau tshaj ntawm cov nplej ntau lawm, thiab tam sim no Tuam Tshoj tseem muaj 200 lab tons ntawm stale nplej. Ntxiv nrog rau cov pob kws, lwm cov qoob loo, xws li qos yaj ywm, muaj cov khoom tsim tawm thoob ntiaj teb txhua xyoo ntawm 300 lab tons. 60% ntawm cov zis yog siv hauv kev lag luam thiab tsis yog tib neeg cov zaub mov.
06
Kev siv ntawm polylactic acid
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws daim ntawv thov ntawm polylactic acid yog daim ntawv khob. Muaj ib txheej ntawm zaj duab xis nyob rau hauv lub khob ntawv. Cov khob ntawv ib txwm siv PE zaj duab xis. Tam sim no, pib los ntawm Seattle Starbucks, Tebchaws Meskas tau hloov PE zaj duab xis nrog polylactic acid zaj duab xis, thiab lub hau yog tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv polylactic acid.
Straws yog kub heev nyob rau hauv 2018. Yas straws yog siv thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no, thiab polylactic acid straws yuav siv tau ntawm no. Piv txwv li, Starbucks tshaj tawm tias nws yuav tsum tsis txhob muag cov straws yas ua ntej 2020, thiab Tuam Tshoj' tus huab tais straw tab tom ua polylactic acid straws. Yog li cov khoom siv compostable feem ntau yog nyob ntawm seb nws ua haujlwm li cas. Nws yog twv yuav raug hu tsis tau ua nws nrog cov tsoos plastics. Nws tsis muaj teeb meem los ua nws nrog cov khib nyiab hauv chav ua noj, tab sis nws tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog ntawv.
Ntxiv nrog rau kev ua cov khoom pov tseg, polylactic acid kuj ua rau qee yam khoom siv, xws li khoom siv niaj hnub. Ib hom tshuaj muaj npe nrov hauv Suav teb," Gu' Lub Tsev", siv polylactic acid los ua cov khoom siv niaj hnub. Cov khoom siv niaj hnub no tsis yog tsim rau degradation, tab sis siv polylactic acid. Cov khoom siv muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm zaub mov. Tib lub sijhawm, cov khoom siv polylactic acid muaj lub zog siab, nws zoo li ceramic thaum khob, thiab siab gloss, uas yog ci dua li lwm cov yas. Xws li cov khoom lag luam polylactic acid kuj tuaj yeem yuav casually ntawm Suav lag luam. Txawm hais tias lawv tsis yog biodegradable, lawv tau siv ntau xyoo thiab thaum kawg muab pov tseg. Lawv yeej muaj teeb meem tsawg dua li cov yas yas.
Kuj tseem muaj cov ntawv thov ntawm 3D luam ntawv consumables. Lub hli teeb pom hauv daim duab yog luam tawm nrog cov ntaub ntawv polylactic acid. Hom kev luam ntawv no hu ua FDM3D luam ntawv. Ntau tshaj 90% ntawm nws cov khoom siv yog cov khoom siv polylactic acid. Vim tias cov khoom siv polylactic acid tsis tsuas yog tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw thaum luam tawm, tab sis kuj muaj cov ntxhiab tsw qab. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj qhov ruaj khov zoo, tsis yooj yim rau deform, thiab muaj qhov me me shrinkage. Tau kawg, cov qauv luam tawm ntawm cov khoom siv polylactic acid raug muab pov tseg thiab tuaj yeem degraded.
Daim ntawv thov cov ntaub ntawv polylactic acid kuj tuaj yeem siv rau ntawm cov fibers, ua cov phuam qhwv caj dab, tshuaj yej ntim, ntaub qhwv, zaj duab xis, qhov rais films thiab lwm yam kev siv sib txawv.
07
Ntiaj teb no compostable qauv thiab ntawv pov thawj
Tam sim no, cov qauv tsim nyog thiab cov ntawv pov thawj rau kev sib xyaw ua ke thoob ntiaj teb yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no.
Piv txwv li, European Union tus qauv ntawv pov thawj yog EN13432, yog li muaj ib lub cev ntawv pov thawj hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, ib qho hauv Belgium, thiab lub cev ntawv pov thawj yog AIB VINCOTTE thiab DIN-CERTCO. Ob lub cev ntawv pov thawj no muaj lub koob npe nrov hauv ntiaj teb. Yog tias koj koom nrog kev lag luam ntsig txog, koj tuaj yeem dhau nws cov qauv los ua pov thawj. Hauv Suav teb, peb kuj muaj tus qauv GB / T20197-2006, tab sis hmoov tsis, peb tsis muaj lub logo. Tus qauv Asmeskas DSTMD640, lub cev ntawv pov thawj BPI, thiab tus qauv Nyij Pooj JIS K 6953. Ob leeg hauv Australia thiab Kaus Lim Qab Teb, lawv tsis muaj npe ntawm no. Lawv txhua tus muaj cov koom haum cuam tshuam los lees paub. Hauv lwm lo lus, ua cov kev sim ua raws li cov qauv tsim nyog, thiab thov kom muaj ntawv pov thawj nrog cov ntawv tshaj tawm kev sim thaum qhov kev sim ua tiav cov qauv. Tsuas yog thaum daim ntawv pov thawj dhau lawm tuaj yeem muab daim ntawv pov thawj.
Tus nqi ntawv pov thawj yog siab heev, 16,500 euros, ntau tshaj 100,000 yuan. Cov tuam txhab me me feem ntau tsis kam ua, thiab ib qho ntawm cov neeg paub zoo tshaj hauv ntiaj teb yog nyob hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, uas tsis yooj yim rau cov tuam txhab me. Txawm li cas los xij, lub chaw soj nstuam tsis yog cov ntawv pov thawj. Muaj cov chaw kuaj mob hauv Suav teb. Peb Lub Chaw Tshawb Xyuas Cov Khoom Siv Yas Hauv Tebchaws tuaj yeem ua tau, tab sis ntau tus neeg tsis xav ntseeg hauv cov chaw soj ntsuam hauv Suav teb.
Txhawm rau ua qhov kev sim hauv hom kev sim no, muaj cov kauj ruam sib txawv: thawj kauj ruam yog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov qauv xa mus, thiab txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv dab tsi los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov infrared spectrum. Piv txwv li, cov khoom xa mus kuaj tau hais tias yog 100% polylactic acid, tab sis qhov tseeb nws yog tov nrog lwm yam, cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg yuav paub sai li sai tau raws li kev soj ntsuam. Tus nqi ntawm qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no tsis siab, ntau dua 700 euros, txog ntau dua 6,000 yuan.
Tom qab kev soj ntsuam tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg dhau lawm, cov kauj ruam thib ob yog qhov kev sim disintegration, uas yog cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom los ntawm cov khoom loj mus rau cov khoom me me. Cov txheej txheem no feem ntau kav peb lub hlis, thiab cov khoom yuav tsum tau hloov los ntawm ib daim loj ntawm 10cm × 10cm mus rau ib qho me me ntawm yam tsawg kawg nkaus 3mm × 3mm ua ntej nws tuaj yeem suav tias dhau qhov kev kuaj kev puas tsuaj.
Los ntawm qhov kev sim disintegration, lub kauj ruam thib peb ntawm biodegradation sim yuav ua tiav. Siv cov 3 hli me me los ntawm kev ua ntawm cov kab mob thiab sau cov pa roj carbon dioxide los soj ntsuam nws cov biodegradation tus nqi, uas yog, ob lub rooj sib koom nrog koj ua ntej, sim qhov piv ntawm cov khoom rau cellulose, ntau npaum li cas biodegradation tus nqi yuav ua tiav nyob rau hauv ntau npaum li cas. hnub. Lub sijhawm ntawm qhov kev sim no yog txog rau lub hlis.
Thaum kawg, txawm tias qhov kev xeem biodegradation tiav thiab ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua, cov khoom raug suav tias yog 100% degradable. Tseem tuaj yeem' tsis muab daim ntawv pov thawj, thiab yuav tsum xeem dhau ib puag ncig toxicity tests. Qhov cuam tshuam ncaj qha tshaj plaws ntawm degradation yog nyob rau hauv cov av. Yog hais tias lub degradation tso cov khoom tsis zoo nyob rau hauv cov av, xws li degradation yog tsis muaj qab hau. Yog li ntawd, ntau yam ntawv pov thawj thoob ntiaj teb kuj tau hais tias theem plaub yog hu ua ib puag ncig toxicity test, uas yog los xyuas seb qhov biodegradation puas tsim kev puas tsuaj rau ib puag ncig. Ua ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas cog qoob loo, xws li ob qho av nrog thiab tsis muaj nplooj lwg, thiab xaiv kaum pawg los cog cov zaub ntsuab me me sib txawv kom pom tias kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag puas cuam tshuam. Tsuas yog thaum kuaj ib puag ncig toxicity dhau lawm tuaj yeem tau txais ntawv pov thawj. Kev yees duab-oxidation degradable plastics thiab kev puas tsuaj biodegradable plastics kiag li tsis tuaj yeem dhau qhov kev xeem, yog li qhov no yog qhov kev tso cai ntau dua.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qee cov ntaub ntawv bio-based tsis tuaj yeem lees paub tias yog bio-based, vim tias cov ntaub ntawv bio-based kuj tuaj yeem kuaj pom. Kev ntsuam xyuas cov ntsiab lus bio-based siv cov isotope-carbon ib nrab-lub neej txoj kev los txiav txim siab cov ntsiab lus biomass. Kev lwj ntawm carbon 14 rau carbon 12 feem ntau yog kev lwj hauv 5600 xyoo. Yog tias cov khoom dhau qhov kev sim, nws yog tag nrho cov pa roj carbon 12, qhov tshwm sim yog cov fossil carbon. Tus qauv xeem rau biochar yog ASTM D6866 hauv Tebchaws Meskas, thiab tseem muaj cov qauv hauv Suav teb. Piv txwv li, hauv kev ntsuas ntawm polylactic acid, daim ntawv tshaj tawm koj feem ntau kuaj yog 94% lossis 99% bio-based cov ntsiab lus. Ntev npaum li qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb ua tau raws li ntau tshaj 80% ntawm bio-based, nws yog qib siab tshaj plaws. Yog li ntawd, biobased kuj muaj cov qauv tso cai thiab cov txheej txheem los txheeb xyuas.
08
Q&A
Lus Nug: Yog tias tsis muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke, cov khoom pov tseg polylactic acid (raws li cov xwm txheej hauv Jiangsu, Zhejiang thiab Shanghai) yuav siv sijhawm 2-3 xyoos kom tag nrho decompose rau hauv CO2 thiab dej. Nws puas degrade ua ntej? Dab tsi yog cov khoom nruab nrab ntawm qhov tsis tiav degradation? Vim li cas ho tsis ua phem rau ib puag ncig?
Teb: Thaum tsis muaj composting, polylactic acid yuav thawj hnub nyoog, disintegrate thiab ua fragments zoo li tsoos (petroleum-raws li) plastics. Tom qab ntawd, cov saw hlau ntev polylactic acid ntawm qhov hnyav molecular hnyav dhau los ua cov saw luv luv-molecular polylactic acid, thiab maj mam dhau los ua monomeric lactic acid. Lactic acid yog ib hom khoom noj microbial, uas tuaj yeem zom tau los ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov xwm txheej (tig mus rau carbon dioxide thiab dej), yog li cov khoom nruab nrab yog polylactic acid fragments-short-chain polylactic acid-monomeric lactic acid. Tsis muaj kuab paug rau ib puag ncig.
Lo lus nug: Puas yog Tuam Tshoj' s (polylactic acid yas) tso zis tam sim no tseem ceeb hauv ntiaj teb? Nws puas tuaj yeem hloov tau? Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tshaj tawm tam sim no, cov zis ntawm 2 lab tons tau siv los ua pov thawj tias nws muaj kev cuam tshuam me ntsis rau kev ruaj ntseg zaub mov, tab sis piv rau cov yas yuav hloov, 2 lab tons zoo li deb ntawm txaus?
Teb: Tuam Tshoj' s polylactic acid ntau lawm tam sim no me me. Tej zaum, tag nrho cov zis ntawm lub teb chaws tsuas yog 30,000 tons. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua los hloov (tag nrho) plastics. Yas yog 500 lab tons. Hauv kev sib piv, 2 lab tons tsuas yog hais yog tus lej tsawg. Tau kawg, peb tsis tuaj yeem hloov tag nrho cov yas hauv ntiaj teb nrog ib qho khoom siv. Lub ntiaj teb' cov yas siv feem ntau yog PE thiab polyethylene, nrog 90 lab tons. Yog li, nws tsis tuaj yeem hloov tag nrho cov yas nrog cov ntaub ntawv polylactic acid. Nws tsuas tuaj yeem hloov tau ib feem ntawm cov roj av-raws li plastics, uas yuav pab tau qee yam. Yog tias koj xav hloov cov yas, tib txoj hauv kev yog siv tsawg dua thiab tsim tawm tsawg dua, tsis yog nrhiav cov khoom hloov.
Lus Nug: Puas yog cov tshuaj polymerization kauj ruam ntawm polylactic acid xav tau kev kub siab, kub siab thiab catalyst? Dab tsi catalyst?
Teb: Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, cov txheej txheem polymerization yuav tsum yog kub, siab siab, thiab catalyst. Tab sis dab tsi ntawm catalyst? Koj cov lus nug dhau ntawm qhov. Qhov no yog kev lag luam zais cia. Kuv tuaj yeem' tsis qhia koj, lossis kuv tsis' tsis paub. Tab sis tsawg kawg, qhov no yog ib yam uas tuaj yeem sawv qhov kev xeem. Txwv tsis pub, tsis muaj txoj kev paub tab. Yog tias cov khoom no tau tsim thiab cov cuab yeej raug teeb tsa, nws tsuas yog ib pawg ntawm cov khoom siv hlau. Cov catalyst no yog ib qho catalyst uas tuaj yeem tiv taus ib puag ncig, kev nyab xeeb, thiab kev xeem raug cai. Kuv xav tias qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb, txwv tsis pub tsis muaj lub tuam txhab yuav pheej hmoo nqis peev ntau pua lab los ua ib yam teeb meem.
Lus Nug: Cov khoom nruab nrab ntawm qhov tsis tiav degradation ntawm polylactic acid yog lactic acid. Dab tsi ua tiav combustion tsim?
Teb: Tau kawg, tsis tiav combustion txhais tau tias carbon monoxide thiab dej. Qhov no yog tib yam li hlawv ntawv thiab ntoo. Kev combustion tsis tiav tuaj yeem tsim cov pa roj carbon monoxide.
Nqe Lus Nug: Puas muaj cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb txog lub sijhawm thiab cov xwm txheej rau kev degradation ib nrab ntawm polylactic acid rau lactic acid? Cov ntaub ntawv no tseem ceeb heev. Rau composting, koj tsuas yog yuav tsum tau saib xyuas txog cov xwm txheej thiab lub sijhawm rau degradation rau lactic acid, txoj cai?
Teb: Lo lus nug no zoo heev. Lub degradation ntawm polylactic acid rau hauv lactic acid yog tiag tiag tsis hu ua degradation hu ua hydrolysis. Hydrolysis txhais tau hais tias cov saw hlau polymer ntawm polylactic acid tawg mus rau hauv monomers nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov no tiag tiag yog txheej txheem ntawm disintegration thiab hydrolysis. Cov txheej txheem no xav tau dej, thiab qhov kub thiab txias, qhov zoo dua. Koj yuav degrade los ntawm polylactic acid rau lactic acid. Qhov kub thiab txias, qhov zoo dua, thiab nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom boil nws ntawm 100 degrees sai dua. Tom qab ntawd, qhov chaw composting feem ntau yog 58 degrees. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev sim composting no, qhov tseeb (tseem ceeb) yog cov txheej txheem ntawm disintegration thiab hydrolysis, uas yog cov txheej txheem ntawm polymer saw scission, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm polylactic acid rau hauv monomeric lactic acid.
Lo lus nug: Koj txhais li cas" tseeb degradation"? Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov tseeb thiab tsis tseeb" degradation"?
Teb: Yuav ua li cas rau degradation tiag? Kuv xav tias yog koj xav txhais nws, uas yog, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yuav tsum tau hloov los ntawm no macromolecule mus rau ib tug tsawg molecule, thiab los ntawm ib tug organic tshuaj mus rau ib tug inorganic tshuaj. Qhov no yog degradation tiag tiag. Tom qab ntawd pseudo-degradation tsuas yog hloov ntawm lub siab polymer mus rau oligomer. Tom qab degradation, cov organic teeb meem tseem yog cov organic, thiab cov polymer tseem yog polymer. Hauv lwm lo lus, yog tias koj hloov cov khoom siv dag zog rau hauv cov khoom siv ntuj, nws tuaj yeem hais tias yog kev puas tsuaj tiag tiag. Yog tias koj degrade cov khoom siv hluavtaws thiab cov khoom tseem yog cov khoom hluavtaws, ces koj tsis yog hu ua degradation tiag tiag.
Lo lus nug: Ob kauj ruam ntawm kev soj ntsuam cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj kev sim thiab kev sim ua kom muaj kev phom sij ib puag ncig yuav raug kaw (ua rau saum toj no" qhov tseeb thiab tsis tseeb degradation" kev txiav txim)?
Teb: Yog, rau qhov kev puas tsuaj rau ib puag ncig, kuv yuav xav tau kev kuaj toxicity ib puag ncig, thiab kuv yuav kuaj qhov dej no. Nws yog simulate xwm thiab koj yuav tsum tau siv av. Puas yog koj tsuas cog cov nroj tsuag xwb, puas yog? Qhov tseeb, kuv kuj muaj daim ntawv qhia txog kev tshuaj lom neeg ib puag ncig ntawm no, tab sis nws muaj kev paub ntau dua. Yog tias koj xav tau, kuv tuaj yeem qhia ib feem rau koj. Nyob rau hauv luv luv, nws yog lub chaw soj nstuam ntawv pov thawj, lawv yuav coj koj cov av thiab ua nws dua li ib tug neeg ua teb. Nws' zoo rau cog me me cabbage, thiab cog me ntsis. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm no, saib xyuas qhov cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig thiab cov nroj tsuag txhua hnub.
Lo lus nug: Xib fwb Wu, vim li cas lo lus" degradable" tau siv nyob rau hauv Suav txoj cai thiab cov cai tam sim no? Qhov no txawv ntawm European thiab Asmeskas li cas?
Teb: GB / T 20197-2006 Txhais, kev faib tawm, sau npe thiab degradation kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov yas degradable.
& quot;Degradable" Qhov tseeb yog ib lub npe nrov, tsis yog lub sijhawm ua haujlwm. Rau lub sijhawm no, Tuam Tshoj tus qauv hauv tebchaws yeej muaj cov cai, thiab muaj cov kev cai hauv GB / T2019-7. Lub sij hawm" degradable" tsis siv nyob rau hauv cov teb chaws Europe thiab America. Tam sim no peb tau hais tias txoj cai lij choj hauv California tau hais tias koj siv tsis tau lub sij hawm" degradable", koj yuav tsum siv lub sij hawm" compostable". Hauv Suav teb (" degradable") yog lub npe nrov tsim los ntawm txhua tus. Ntau lub npe hauv Suav teb muaj qee lub npe. Hauv Suav teb, txoj cai no yog qhov teeb meem loj. Ua kom ncaj ncees, koj pom, yog tias koj tsuas yog ua ib lub thawv noj su nrog me ntsis degradable hauv cov khoom PP, nws tuaj yeem hu ua" degradable". Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb yog tias Tuam Tshoj tsis muaj cov ntawv pov thawj no thiab tsis muaj ntawv pov thawj. Yog li, txhua leej txhua tus tau ua phem rau lo lus no, los yog muab nws dab tuag, lo lus (" degradable") yog siv phem. Yog vim li cas peb cov phooj ywg thiaj li txaj muag thaum lawv hnov & quot; degradable". Ua ncaj ncees, kuv ntxub heev, tab sis koj ua li cas? Peb txoj kev lag luam tsis paub tab thiab peb kev saib xyuas tsis paub qab hau. Tom qab ntawd koj tsuas tuaj yeem ua koj tus kheej maj mam, txoj cai? Peb txhawb cov khoom siv biodegradable tiag tiag thiab cov ntaub ntawv compostable. Tam sim no, los ntawm kev xav hauv kev lag luam, (ua lub tuam txhab biodegradable compostable khoom siv tiag tiag) tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tsuas yog cov neeg siv khoom nyob sab Europe thiab Asmeskas, thiab cov khw muag khoom nyob sab Europe thiab Asmeskas (vim tias kev ua lag luam tau tswj tau zoo). Nrog rau peb cov PLA, ntau dua 80% yog (muag rau cov neeg siv khoom European thiab Asmeskas). Peb tsuas yog ua qee cov khoom ruaj khov hauv Suav teb.
Liwen: Lus Askiv," degradable" thiab" compostable" yog ob lub tswvyim sib txawv.
Wu: Biodegradable thiab compostable.
Zhang Bo: Cov no yog ob lub ntsiab lus sib txawv, tab sis compostable ntawm no hauv Suav txhais rau" compostable" nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus me ntsis.
Nqe Lus Nug: Tus nqi ntawm kev ua mulch tseem siab dhau lawm, puas yog? Nws yuav zoo yog tias nws tuaj yeem ua rau hauv cov saw hlau tsis zoo xws li PET, lub thawv pov tseg, thiab tom qab ntawd ua los ntawm mulch. Tsuas yog compost ncaj qha.
Teb: Thaum ua cov mulch, cov khoom siv roj av biodegradable PBAT yog siv. PLA tsis tuaj yeem siv los ua mulch. Tus nqi ntawm mulch ua los ntawm PBAT yog peb npaug ntawm PE mulch zoo tib yam. Yog li ntawd, txawm hais tias Tuam Tshoj muaj 2 lab tons ntawm mulch zaj duab xis yuav tsum tau hloov, txawm hais tias peb tsom xam kev xam phaj tau nthuav tawm tias nyob rau hauv cov paj rwb teb ntawm Xinjiang Construction Corps, muaj 40 kg ntawm mulch zaj duab xis nyob rau hauv ib lub cubic meter ntawm av. Tseem tsis muaj kev daws teeb meem zoo nyob rau hauv tus nqi siab.
Nqe Lus Nug: Txij li cov khoom siv polylactic acid muaj zog thiab ruaj khov, vim li cas thiaj tuaj yeem' cov khoom siv ua nrog nws yuav tsum tau siv thiab rov siv dua? Los yog" rov qab mus rau lub cub tawg" rov ua cov khoom siv polymerization los tsim cov khoom siv polylactic acid rov ua dua tshiab, tab sis siv lawv ntau npaum li cas hauv cov khoom siv pov tseg?
Teb: Nws tuaj yeem rov qab siv tau, tab sis vim tias tus nqi me me thiab cov txheej txheem rov ua dua yuav tsum tau dehumidification thiab ziab los yog saw txuas ntxiv, tus nqi kuj tseem siab.
Nqe Lus Nug: Lub xeev tam sim no ntawm peb lub teb chaws biodegradable lag luam yog dab tsi thiab kev saib xyuas ua li cas? Puas yog kev ua lag luam cuav tiag tiag?
Teb: Tam sim no, Jilin Xeev, Hainan Xeev thiab Jiangsu Xeev Tuam Tshoj tau txhawb kev lag luam ntawm cov khoom siv biodegradable. Hainan nyuam qhuav dhau txoj cai nyob rau ob peb hnub dhau los. Cov khoom txhawb nqa los ntawm kev cai lij choj hauv zos yog qhov nyuaj rau kev ua txhaum cai vim yog kev saib xyuas nruj, tab sis vim yog tus nqi siab, qhov ntau npaum li cas tsis txaus. Loj, thiab tseem tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb rau cov txheej txheem tom qab pov tseg. Lub xeev Jilin tau pib txwv tsis pub siv cov khoom yas pov tseg uas tsis yog-degradable thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1, 2015. Kev ua lag luam muaj peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv yas pov tseg hauv zos yog 20,000 tons, tab sis tom qab ib xyoos ntawm kev txwv yas, kev siv cov khoom siv pov tseg biodegradable tsuas yog 4000. Toj.
Liwen: Yog tsis muaj ntawv pov thawj, tsis muaj kev saib xyuas, tsis muaj pov tseg sorting thiab composting site, peb cov ntaub ntawv degradable tej zaum yuav ib tug loj mess.
Liman: Cov lus nug yog qhov chaw tswj xyuas yuav tsum yog tus saib xyuas lossis lub koom haum thib peb.
Wu: Qhov tseeb, peb paub meej txog cov lus nug no. Vim li cas thiaj tsis muaj kev saib xyuas tam sim no, vim tias tam sim no nyob rau hauv peb Tuam Tshoj Bioplastics Industry Association, 450 thiab 60 ntawm 500 tus tswv cuab tuam txhab yog ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv semi-degradable. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho lub koom haum yog tsim los ntawm ib pawg neeg tsis ncaj ncees lawm. Koj hais tias, yuav ua li cas thawb tus qauv no? Lub koom haum kev lag luam no, lawv tus kheej xav tias lub npe tsis raug, thiab lawv cov lus tsis raug. Keeb kwm, lawv xav ua kom paub txog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, cov ntawv pov thawj zoo li European Union. Tab sis yog tias koj tso nws, 80% ntawm cov tuam txhab tsis ua raws li tus qauv no, thiab 80% ntawm cov tuam txhab hauv lub koom haum kev lag luam no tsis ua raws li tus qauv no. Yog tias koj tso nws los tuav koj tus kheej, lawv tsis kam ua nws, vim tias cov nqi koom nrog kev lag luam tau them tag nrho los ntawm cov tuam txhab no. . Yog li ntawd, tam sim no tsis ua hauj lwm los tswj bioplastics nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj yog tiag tiag vim hais tias lub peev xwm ntau lawm ntawm lub tiag tiag biodegradable kev lag luam yog tsis txaus, tsis ntau. Yog tias muaj ntau, kev saib xyuas kev lag luam tuaj yeem nce mus.
